Table of content
Preparation of Haloalkanes from alkanes, alkenes and alcohols.
Physical properties of Monohaloalkanes.
Chemical properties of haloalkanes : Substitution reactions SN1 and SN2 (basic concept only)
Formation of alcohol, nitrile, amine, ether, thioether, carbylamines, nitrite and nitro alkane using haloalkanes.
Elimination reaction (dehydrohalogenation, Saytzeff’s rule), Reduction reactions,Wurtz reaction.
Preparation of trichloromethane(chloroform) from ethanol and propanone
Chemical properties of trichloromethane: Oxidation , reduction , Action of silver powder , conc. nitric acid, propanone, and aqueous alkali.
Haloalkanes(Alkyl halides)
Introduction
Haloalkanes are the derivatives of hydrocarbon because they are derived by replacing hydrogen to halogen atom therefore the halogen derivatives of alkane are called haloalkanes. Or the organic compound containing halogen atom (X = -F,-Cl, -Br, -I) as functional group are called Haloalkanes.
They are also called alkyl halides.
Uses:
Solvent,Medicine,Insecticide, etc.Haloalkanes
are formed by the replacement of
one or more hydrogen atom of alkane by same
number of halogen atom and are bonded with
carbon atom of alkane through strong covalent
bond. They are represented by general molecular formula
CnH2n+1X.
Nomenclature of haloalkanes
prefix + word root + primary suffix
prefix:side chain branches substitents
word root: number of C-atoms
primary suffix:nature of C-atoms (-ane or -ene or -yne)
(-X=halo,-F=fluoro, -Cl=chloro, -Br=bromo, -I=iodo)